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#1
Q: What is classical conditioning?
A: Learning by associating a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus (Pavlov's dogs).
#2
Q: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (bottom to top)?
A: Physiological → Safety → Love/Belonging → Esteem → Self-Actualization.
#3
Q: What is cognitive dissonance?
A: The discomfort of holding two conflicting beliefs simultaneously.
#4
Q: What is the difference between short-term and long-term memory?
A: STM holds ~7 items for seconds–minutes. LTM stores information indefinitely.
#5
Q: Define operant conditioning.
A: Learning through consequences — reinforcement increases behaviour, punishment decreases it (Skinner).
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