'What you see is what you pay' - why some US restaurants are banning tips

Wine waiter Caroline Kraetzer earns $40 (£30) an hour, double what most service staff in San Francisco are paid but then it costs a lot to eat at her restaurant.

At a set price of $140 (£100) per person, La Cigale is one of a small number of restaurants charging higher prices so it can pay high salaries - and it doesn't allow tips.

It tells customers: "What you see is what you pay. We do not accept tips, your kind words and return visits will suffice."

Kraetzer says it is good to no longer be "reliant on the generosity of strangers to pay the bills".

While waiting staff at other restaurants can make a lot of money from tips, she says "you're often there two hours before service, and again when you're closing after the guests have left, so you are making minimum wage during that time".

On the other side of the US, Rachel Miller, chef and owner of Nightshade Noodle Bar in the town Lynn, Massachusetts, moved to a tip-free model five years ago when they reopened after the Covid-19 pandemic.

"The people breaking their backs and minds in the kitchen - often the least visible and the least celebrated - were taking home a fraction of what the front staff made on tips for the same hours," she says.

Miller says she found it "deeply unsettling" to see higher tips going to white male staff and lower tips to everyone else.